10564b1175
groff 1.23.0 added .MR to its -man macro package. The NEWS file states
that the inclusion of the macro "was prompted by its introduction to
Plan 9 from User Space's troff in August 2020." From d32deab it seems
that the name for Plan 9 from User Space's implementation was suggested
by groff maintainer G. Brandon Robinson.
Not sure if the intention was to make these definitions compatible, but
it would be nice if they were.
Currently, Plan 9 from User Space's .MR expects its second argument to
be parenthesized. groff's .MR does not. This results in extra
parentheses appearing in manual references when viewing Plan 9 from User
Space's manual pages on a system using groff.
263 lines
4.6 KiB
Groff
263 lines
4.6 KiB
Groff
.TH SORT 1
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.SH NAME
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sort \- sort and/or merge files
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B sort
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[
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.BI -cmuMbdf\&inrwt x
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]
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[
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.BI + pos1
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[
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.BI - pos2
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] ...
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] ...
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[
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.B -k
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.I pos1
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[
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.I ,pos2
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]
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] ...
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.br
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\h'0.5in'
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[
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.B -o
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.I output
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]
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[
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.B -T
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.I dir
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\&...
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]
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[
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.I option
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\&...
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]
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[
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.I file
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\&...
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]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I Sort\^
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sorts
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lines of all the
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.I files
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together and writes the result on
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the standard output.
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If no input files are named, the standard input is sorted.
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.PP
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The default sort key is an entire line.
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Default ordering is
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lexicographic by runes.
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The ordering is affected globally by the following options,
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one or more of which may appear.
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.TP
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.B -M
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Compare as months.
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The first three
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non-white space characters
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of the field
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are folded
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to upper case
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and compared
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so that
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.L JAN
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precedes
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.LR FEB ,
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etc.
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Invalid fields
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compare low to
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.LR JAN .
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.TP
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.B -b
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Ignore leading white space (spaces and tabs) in field comparisons.
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.TP
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.B -d
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`Phone directory' order:
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only letters,
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accented letters,
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digits and white space
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are significant in comparisons.
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.TP
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.B -f
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Fold lower case
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letters onto upper case.
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Accented characters are folded to their
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non-accented upper case form.
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.TP
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.B -i
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Ignore characters outside the
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.SM ASCII
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range 040-0176
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in non-numeric comparisons.
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.TP
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.B -w
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Like
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.BR -i ,
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but ignore only tabs and spaces.
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.TP
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.B -n
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An initial numeric string,
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consisting of optional white space,
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optional plus or minus sign,
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and zero or more digits with optional decimal point,
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is sorted by arithmetic value.
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.TP
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.B -g
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Numbers, like
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.B -n
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but with optional
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.BR e -style
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exponents, are sorted by value.
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.TP
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.B -r
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Reverse the sense of comparisons.
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.TP
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.BI -t x\^
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`Tab character' separating fields is
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.IR x .
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.PP
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The notation
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.BI + "pos1\| " - pos2\^
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restricts a sort key to a field beginning at
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.I pos1\^
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and ending just before
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.IR pos2 .
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.I Pos1\^
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and
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.I pos2\^
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each have the form
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.IB m . n\f1,
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optionally followed by one or more of the flags
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.BR Mbdfginr ,
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where
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.I m\^
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tells a number of fields to skip from the beginning of the line and
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.I n\^
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tells a number of characters to skip further.
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If any flags are present they override all the global
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ordering options for this key.
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A missing
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.BI \&. n\^
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means
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.BR \&.0 ;
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a missing
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.BI - pos2\^
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means the end of the line.
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Under the
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.BI -t x\^
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option, fields are strings separated by
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.IR x ;
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otherwise fields are
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non-empty strings separated by white space.
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White space before a field
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is part of the field, except under option
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.BR -b .
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A
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.B b
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flag may be attached independently to
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.IR pos1
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and
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.IR pos2.
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.PP
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The notation
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.B -k
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.IR pos1 [, pos2 ]
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is how POSIX
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.I sort
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defines fields:
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.I pos1
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and
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.I pos2
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have the same format but different meanings.
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The value of
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.I m\^
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is origin 1 instead of origin 0
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and a missing
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.BI \&. n\^
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in
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.I pos2
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is the end of the field.
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.PP
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When there are multiple sort keys, later keys
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are compared only after all earlier keys
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compare equal.
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Lines that otherwise compare equal are ordered
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with all bytes significant.
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.PP
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These option arguments are also understood:
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.TP \w'\fL-z\fIrecsize\fLXX'u
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.B -c
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Check that the single input file is sorted according to the ordering rules;
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give no output unless the file is out of sort.
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.TP
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.B -m
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Merge; assume the input files are already sorted.
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.TP
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.B -u
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Suppress all but one in each
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set of equal lines.
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Ignored bytes
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and bytes outside keys
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do not participate in
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this comparison.
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.TP
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.B -o
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The next argument is the name of an output file
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to use instead of the standard output.
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This file may be the same as one of the inputs.
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.TP
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.BI -T dir
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Put temporary files in
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.I dir
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rather than in
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.BR /var/tmp .
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.ne 4
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.TP
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.L sort -u +0f +0 list
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Print in alphabetical order all the unique spellings
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in a list of words
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where capitalized words differ from uncapitalized.
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.TP
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.L sort -t: +1 /adm/users
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Print the users file
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sorted by user name
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(the second colon-separated field).
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.TP
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.L sort -umM dates
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Print the first instance of each month in an already sorted file.
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Options
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.B -um
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with just one input file make the choice of a
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unique representative from a set of equal lines predictable.
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.TP
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.L
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grep -n '^' input | sort -t: +1f +0n | sed 's/[0-9]*://'
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A stable sort: input lines that compare equal will
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come out in their original order.
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.SH FILES
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.BI /var/tmp/sort. <pid>.<ordinal>
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.SH SOURCE
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.B \*9/src/cmd/sort.c
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.MR uniq 1 ,
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.MR look 1
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.SH DIAGNOSTICS
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.I Sort
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comments and exits with non-null status for various trouble
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conditions and for disorder discovered under option
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.BR -c .
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.SH BUGS
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An external null character can be confused
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with an internally generated end-of-field character.
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The result can make a sub-field not sort
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less than a longer field.
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.PP
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Some of the options, e.g.
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.B -i
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and
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.BR -M ,
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are hopelessly provincial.
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